Nowruz, also spelled as “Norooz” or “Nawruz,” is the Persian New Year, marking the first day of spring and the beginning of the year in the Iranian calendar. It has been celebrated for over 3,000 years and is deeply rooted in the traditions and cultures of several countries, including Iran, Afghanistan, Azerbaijan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, and parts of Iraq, Turkey, and Syria.
The word “Nowruz” is a combination of “now” meaning “new” and “ruz” meaning “day,” translating to “New Day.” It symbolizes rebirth, renewal, and the arrival of spring, representing the triumph of light over darkness and the renewal of nature’s cycle.
Nowruz typically falls on or around the vernal equinox, around March 20th or 21st, marking the moment when the length of day and night is nearly equal. It is a time of joyous celebrations and family gatherings, where people clean their homes thoroughly, buy new clothes, and prepare special dishes.
Preparations for Nowruz often begin weeks in advance, with people buying new clothes, spring cleaning their homes, and preparing traditional foods. One of the most significant rituals is the setting of the “Haft-Seen” table, which is adorned with seven symbolic items, all starting with the Persian letter “S” or “Seen,” representing various aspects of life and nature. These items often include Sabzeh (wheat, barley, or lentil sprouts growing in a dish), Samanu (a sweet pudding made from wheat germ), Senjed (dried oleaster fruit), Seer (garlic), Seeb (apple), Somāq (sumac), and Serkeh (vinegar).
On the eve of Nowruz, families gather around the Haft-Seen table, recite poetry, and await the moment of the spring equinox, known as “Sizdah Bedar,” the thirteenth day of Nowruz. On this day, it is customary to spend time outdoors, often in parks or nature, to picnic and enjoy the beginning of spring.
Nowruz celebrations vary from region to region and family to family, but common elements include visiting relatives, exchanging gifts, and participating in community events. Music, dance, and traditional performances are also integral parts of the festivities, adding to the joyful atmosphere of the holiday.
Nowruz is not only a time for celebration but also holds deep cultural and historical significance, reflecting the rich heritage of the communities that observe it. It is recognized as an Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity by UNESCO, highlighting its importance and influence across borders and generations.
